阿尔巴圣母
The Alba Madonna
关于这幅画
《阿尔瓦圣母》是意大利文艺复兴全盛期艺术大师拉斐尔 的一幅画作，绘制于1511 年，圆形，原为木板油画，后改为布面油画。画中描绘了的圣母玛利亚、婴孩耶稣和施洗约翰 ， 背景为典型的意大利乡村风光。
这幅画在意大利大约一个半世纪后，由西班牙的阿尔瓦公爵收购，1836年卖给俄国沙皇尼古拉一世，成为圣彼得堡冬宫埃尔米塔日博物馆的亮点之一。1931 年，苏联政府将其秘密出售给安德鲁·威廉·梅隆 。自 1937 年以来，这幅画藏于华盛顿的美国国家美术馆。
与此同时，在Raphael的生活中
完整生平c. 1504 – c. 1508 · 工作地
Florence
1508
Moves to Rome at the invitation of Julius II
The new pope, Julius II, invited Raphael to Rome, perhaps at the suggestion of his architect Bramante, a distant relative of the artist. Unlike Michelangelo, kept waiting for months after his summons, Raphael was immediately commissioned to fresco what was to become the pope's private library, a far larger commission than any he had had before.
1508–1520 · 工作地
Rome
c. 1510
Marcantonio Raimondi engraves his designs
Raphael made no prints himself, but his pupils and assistants, above all Marcantonio Raimondi, engraved his drawings; around 1510 came “The Judgement of Paris”. The prints were sold in street shops and bought by maiolica painters, jewellers and carvers.
1511
Under the spell of Michelangelo's ceiling
According to Vasari, Bramante let Raphael into the Sistine Chapel secretly, and while painting the Stanza he was clearly influenced by Michelangelo's ceiling, as in his portrait of Michelangelo himself as Heraclitus in “The School of Athens”. Michelangelo accused him of plagiarism and years later complained that “everything he knew about art he got from me”.
![The Crucifixion with the Virgin, Saint John, Saint Jerome, and Saint Mary Magdalene [right panel], Pietro Perugino, c. 1482/1485](https://api.nga.gov/iiif/49cffd8d-5c06-4628-9369-1b6bdb3e7b90/full/!2400,2400/0/default.jpg)
![The Crucifixion with the Virgin, Saint John, Saint Jerome, and Saint Mary Magdalene [left panel], Pietro Perugino, c. 1482/1485](https://api.nga.gov/iiif/b43e331e-ede9-44ca-a276-0b8806630fbd/full/!2400,2400/0/default.jpg)
![The Crucifixion with the Virgin, Saint John, Saint Jerome, and Saint Mary Magdalene [middle panel], Pietro Perugino, c. 1482/1485](https://api.nga.gov/iiif/63049d6b-06b2-4e4b-9443-532df5b30fa7/full/!2400,2400/0/default.jpg)
