Cow

1927

His first solo exhibition, in Paris

Calder’s first solo exhibition takes place in 1927 at the gallery of Jacques Seligmann in Paris.

1927

Among the Parisian avant-garde

In 1927 Calder settles in Paris and grows close to the avant-garde, including Cocteau, Man Ray, Mondrian, Desnos and Le Corbusier; he befriends Fernand Léger, Jean Arp and Marcel Duchamp, and Joan Miró becomes a friend for life.

1929

A show of wire sculptures at Galerie Billiet

Calder invented wire sculpture, or “drawing in space”, and in 1929 he holds in Paris, at Galerie Billiet, his first solo show of such works; the preface to the catalogue is written by the painter Jules Pascin, a friend from the Montparnasse cafés. “Hi!”, an early example of his wire sculpture, is in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art.

June 1929

Meets Louisa James on a steamship

In June 1929, travelling by boat from Paris to New York, Calder meets his future wife, Louisa James (1905–1996), a daughter of Edward Holton James and grandniece of the author Henry James and the philosopher William James. They will marry in 1931 and stay together for the rest of his life; they will have two daughters.

1930

In Mondrian’s studio: the shock of abstraction

A visit to Piet Mondrian’s studio in 1930, with its environment-as-installation, “shocks” Calder into fully embracing abstract art, toward which he had already been tending. He abandons the static quality of Mondrian’s Neo-Plasticism and sets himself the task of creating dynamic systems that reflect the continuous changeability of nature; another stimulus toward kinetic art was a planetarium that showed the movements of celestial bodies.

1931

A show of abstract constructions at Galerie Percier

Calder’s first exhibition of abstract constructions is held in 1931 at Galerie Percier; Fernand Léger writes the preface to the catalogue.