![[Erica Mutabilis], William Henry Fox Talbot, March 1839](https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/acfe34bd-33ba-4e0f-b39d-f5dc325c4c44/full/!1200,1200/0/default.jpg)
William Henry Fox Talbot英格兰, 1800–1877可否一睹真容?
洛杉矶, 美國
仍属馆藏,只是目前没有展出。
> William Henry Fox Talbot wrote in a letter on March 21, 1839 to his friend Sir John Herschel, the renowned scientist, mathematician, and eventually photographer, "I send you a flower of heath." He enclosed a negative inscribed "March 1839" using the very same botanical specimen found in this image in the Getty Museum's collection. Since the plant would have remained fresh for only a few hours, the Getty version was undoubtedly created on the same day. Only a single leaf dropped off between the making of the negative sent to Herschel (now in the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford) ([talbot.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/search/catalog/artifact-4160](https://talbot.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/search/catalog/artifact-4160)) and this one. > > Talbot chose his subject carefully in the spring of 1839, with its recipient in mind.
In 1833, soon after Talbot had first conceived of the idea of using the play of light and chemicals to reproduce images from nature, Herschel, departed for the Cape of Good Hope. While in South Africa Herschel would have encountered some of the more than six hundred varieties of *Erica* that flourish there. A number of them became subjects for Hershel's camera lucida drawings ([91.GG.98.59](http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/93534) and [91.GG.98.48](http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/93523)). > > Hershel returned to England in 1838 just months before Talbot's new art was made public; his isolation in remote South Africa during the mid-1830s explains why Talbot did not discuss his explorations into photography with his friend earlier.
In January 1839, though, Herschel was one of the first people with whom Talbot shared details of his research. > > Herschel was a critical source of support and inspiration for Talbot in the early years when both men experimented with fixing images using light and chemistry. This picture was one of many the two friends exchanged. On receiving his copy of this plant, Herschel immediately thanked Talbot for the "very pretty specimen of the heath." > > This image was made by placing the specimen directly on top of a piece of ordinary paper thathad been brushed with a solution of table salt and then a solution of silver nitrate. When the silver nitrate comes in contact with the salt it becomes light sensitive silver chloride. When the pair—the specimen on top of the sheet of paper—were exposed to sunlight, the shadow of the specimen was reproduced on the sensitized paper.
The tones, however, appear in reverse—the dark areas appear light and vice versa. Adapted from Weston Naef, *The J. Paul Getty Museum Handbook of the Photographs Collection* (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1995), 8, © 1995 The J. Paul Getty Museum; and Larry Schaaf, *William Henry Fox Talbot*, In Focus: Photographs from the J. Paul Getty Museum, (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2002), 16, © 2002 J. Paul Getty Trust.
J·保羅·蓋蒂博物館
1837 · 获奖
Royal Society Bakerian Medal
1837年3月16日
Daughter born: Rosamond Constance Talbot
25 January 1839
First showing of photographs at the Royal Institution
Shortly after Louis Daguerre’s daguerreotype was announced in early January, Talbot asserted his priority and, at a Friday Evening Discourse at the Royal Institution, exhibited several paper photographs he had made in 1835. Within a fortnight he described the nature of his process to the Royal Society, while Daguerre revealed no useful details of his own until mid-August.
1840
Invents the calotype
Talbot found a way to print any number of positives on salted paper from a paper negative; new chemicals cut the exposure to a minute in bright sunlight. He called the method the “calotype” (from kalos, beautiful), informally the “talbotype”: unlike the daguerreotype with its single positive, it effectively created modern photography.
1840–1841
Post: High Sheriff of Wiltshire
February 1841
Patents the calotype
Talbot obtained an English patent for the calotype process and sold licences at £20 each, later lowering the fee for amateurs to £4 while professionals paid up to £300 a year; scientists saw it as a hindrance to scientific freedom. He justified his rigour by the roughly £5,000 he had spent on photography; for science the method was free, and Talbot himself published the first known photomicrograph of a mineral crystal.