USA · 1928–1987
Andy Warhol er et kunstnernavn for Andrew Warhola, som var en amerikansk maler og en af hovedkræfterne i pop-art bevægelsen.
Andy Warhol (født 6. august 1928 i Pittsburgh, død 22. februar 1987 i New York City) er et kunstnernavn for Andrew Warhola, som var en amerikansk maler og en af hovedkræfterne i pop-art bevægelsen.
Fødsel · 6. august 1928
Pittsburgh
Helbred · c. 1936 – 1937 · Pittsburgh
Sydenham's chorea in childhood
At eight, Warhol had scarlet fever that progressed to rheumatic fever and then to Sydenham's chorea (“St. Vitus' dance”). Confined to bed at times and kept home from school, he drew, made scrapbooks from Hollywood magazines and cut pictures out of comic books.
Karriere · New York City
Move to New York
After graduating from the Carnegie Institute of Technology in June 1949, Warhol moved to New York with his classmate Philip Pearlstein. They lived in a sixth-floor walk-up tenement on St. Mark's Place in the East Village.
Karriere · New York City
First commission from Glamour
On his second day in New York, Warhol went to see Glamour's art director Tina Fredericks, who bought a drawing of an orchestra for $10 and commissioned shoe illustrations for the September 1949 issue. It marked the start of his career as a commercial artist.
Møde · early 1950s
Friendships with television designers
Warhol befriended television designers, among them John J. Graham, who designed the NBC peacock, and the CBS set designer Charles Lisanby, who became one of his closest companions. He was interested in Lisanby's television work and wanted to follow artists such as Ben Shahn who occasionally worked in the medium.
Udstilling · New York City
First solo exhibition
The gallerist Alexander Iolas organised Andy Warhol: Fifteen Drawings Based on the Writings of Truman Capote at New York's Hugo Gallery, Warhol's first solo exhibition.
Karriere
Shoe advertising for I. Miller
In 1955 Warhol began designing advertisements for the shoe manufacturer Israel Miller; the drawings drew so much attention that in 1956 they won him the Art Directors Club Award for Distinctive Merit. The photographer John Coplans recalled that nobody drew shoes the way Andy did — each had a temperament of its own.
Karriere · 1961–1962
Mastering silkscreen
Seeking technical advice, Warhol turned to Floriano Vecchi of Tiber Press, who showed him the basics of silkscreen printing: transferring designs to acetate, preparing screens and pulling ink with a squeegee. The experiments became a turning point and soon led to some of his earliest silkscreen works.
Karriere · New York City
Leo Castelli turns him down
In 1961 Warhol sold paintings directly to the collector Robert Scull and attracted major buyers, but the dealer Ivan Karp could not find him a gallery: Leo Castelli declined, feeling the work was too close to Roy Lichtenstein's.
Udstilling · April 1961 · New York City
Pop paintings in the Bonwit Teller window
Five paintings based on comic strips and newspaper advertisements — Saturday's Popeye, Little King, Superman, Before and After and Advertisement — were displayed in the window of the Bonwit Teller department store on Fifth Avenue as a backdrop for mannequins in spring dresses.
Udstilling · 1970–1971
The retrospective from Pasadena to the Whitney
In 1970 the Pasadena Art Museum organised a Warhol retrospective that travelled on to Chicago, Eindhoven, Paris, London and, in 1971, the Whitney Museum in New York. At the Whitney the Cow wallpaper (1966) served as the backdrop for the paintings.
Rejse · c. 1971 – 1974
More and more often in Paris
Warhol began travelling to Europe more often and grew especially fond of Paris after filming L'Amour (1972); he kept an apartment on the Left Bank, on Rue du Cherche-Midi, shared with Fred Hughes. In Paris his circle socialised with Karl Lagerfeld, Yves Saint Laurent, Loulou de la Falaise and Paloma Picasso.
Familie · early 1980s
The end of his relationship with Jed Johnson
After the end of his relationship with Johnson, his only sustained romantic partnership, Warhol went through depression and significant weight loss. He turned to modelling, signing with the Zoli Agency in 1981 and later being represented by Ford Models.
Karriere · New York City
Co-founder of the New York Academy of Art
In 1980 Warhol co-founded the New York Academy of Art, a school devoted to restoring traditional approaches to artistic training. Fellow co-founder Stuart Pivar later observed that Modernism had become boring for Warhol.
Udstilling
Von Picasso bis Warhol Künstlerschmuck der Avantgarde
Udstilling · New York City
First museum showing: MoMA
The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) politely declined Warhol's gift of his drawing Shoe, citing limited storage space, yet that same year one of his shoe drawings was included in the group exhibition Recent Drawings U.S.A. It was Warhol's first museum showing.
Karriere · December 1961 · New York City
The decision to paint money
After seeing Claes Oldenburg's installation The Store in December 1961, Warhol went home frustrated, feeling his comic-strip paintings were no longer original enough. He accepted Muriel Flatow's tongue-in-cheek advice, given for $50, to paint what he liked most — money — and began painting dollar bills.
Værk
“Marilyn Diptyque”
Udstilling · 9 July 1962 · Los Angeles
Soup cans at the Ferus Gallery
The Los Angeles dealer Irving Blum, surprised that Warhol had no gallery, offered him a solo show at the Ferus Gallery. Warhol sent 32 canvases, one for each variety of Campbell's soup; the exhibition opened on 9 July 1962 and marked his West Coast debut.
Udstilling · October 1962 · New York City
“The New Realists” at the Sidney Janis Gallery
Invited by the dealer Sidney Janis, Warhol took part in the exhibition The New Realists, showing 200 Soup Cans, Big Campbell's Soup Can 19c (Beef Noodle) and Do It Yourself (Flowers). The show was widely seen as a turning point for the acceptance of Pop art: The New Yorker likened its effect on the New York art world to an “earthquake”.
Udstilling · 6 November 1962 · New York City
First solo Pop show in New York
The filmmaker Emile de Antonio introduced Warhol to Eleanor Ward of the Stable Gallery, who agreed to a show in exchange for a painting of a two-dollar bill; the eighteen new works included Marilyn Monroe Twenty Times and Red Elvis. Michael Fried wrote in Art International that of all the painters working in the service of a popular iconography, Warhol was probably the most single-minded and the most spectacular.
Begivenhed · December 1962 · New York City
MoMA's Pop art symposium: the attacks
In December 1962 MoMA hosted a symposium on Pop art at which Warhol and other artists were attacked for “capitulating” to consumerism. Critics were appalled by his open acceptance of market culture, which set the tone for how his work was received.
Karriere · January 1963 · New York City
First studio in an old firehouse
In January 1963 Warhol rented his first studio, an old firehouse at 159 East 87th Street, where he made his Elvis series, including Eight Elvises and Triple Elvis. Later that year these works and a series of portraits of Elizabeth Taylor were shown at his second exhibition at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles.
Karriere · New York City
The Factory on 47th Street
By 1964 Warhol had moved his studio to 231 East 47th Street, which became known as the Factory; Billy Name covered it in aluminium foil and silver paint. The poet Gerard Malanga helped him with silkscreens and films, and working with assistants became a lasting feature of his method.
Udstilling · spring 1964 · New York City
The box sculptures at the Stable Gallery
At his second Stable Gallery show Warhol turned the room into a warehouse: custom-ordered wooden boxes silkscreened with graphics — Brillo Soap Pads, Heinz Tomato Ketchup, Kellogg's Corn Flakes and others — sold for $200 to $400 depending on size.
Værk · New York City
Creates the mural “Thirteen Most Wanted Men”
For the New York State Pavilion at the 1964 World's Fair in Queens, Warhol made the mural Thirteen Most Wanted Men, but government officials objected to the images and it was painted over before the fair opened in April.
Værk · 25 – 26 July 1964 · New York City
Films “Empire”
The eight-hour film, a slow-motion shot of the Empire State Building, was shot from the evening of 25 July to the morning of 26 July 1964. With such experiments Warhol wanted to open new directions in cinema and to surprise a jaded audience.
Udstilling · November 1964 · New York City
First “Flowers” at the Leo Castelli Gallery
In November 1964 the first Flowers series was shown at the Leo Castelli Gallery in New York — the dealer who had turned Warhol down in 1961.
Karriere · New York City
Manager of The Velvet Underground
In 1966 Warhol began managing the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground and let them rehearse at the Factory; he also financed their debut album, The Velvet Underground & Nico (1967).
Værk
“Exploding Plastic Inevitable”
Møde · 1966–1968 · New York City
Warhol's “superstars”
A circle of “superstars” formed around the Factory — Baby Jane Holzer, Edie Sedgwick, International Velvet, Ultra Violet, Viva, Candy Darling and others — who appeared in his films and embodied his idea of fleeting celebrity.
Begivenhed · April 1966 · New York City
The Exploding Plastic Inevitable show
Warhol and the filmmaker Paul Morrissey sublet the Dom club on St. Mark's Place for a month and turned it into a multimedia venue; the first Exploding Plastic Inevitable performances took place there in April 1966. The show was a success, and Warhol took it on the road to cities across the United States and Canada through 1966 and 1967.
Møde · c. 1967
Meeting Fred Hughes
Warhol met Fred Hughes, then working for the Menil Foundation; Hughes soon took a central role in his affairs and arranged a commission from the de Menils for Warhol to film a sunset for a project to restore a bombed church in Texas. The remaining funds financed Lonesome Cowboys (1968), shot in Arizona.
Udstilling · Stockholm
Moderna Museet exhibition and the “Electric Chairs”
By then Warhol had largely stopped painting, but he soon resumed and produced the Big Electric Chair paintings for his 1968 exhibition at the Moderna Museet in Stockholm.
Karriere · New York City
The Factory becomes a business
While Warhol was in hospital, Paul Morrissey took over filmmaking and directed his first film, Flesh (1968). After the shooting Warhol set about making the Factory a structured business, crediting Morrissey with turning it into a “regular office”.
Familie · New York City
The start of his relationship with Jed Johnson
His assistant Jed Johnson, who was at the Factory during the shooting, visited Warhol in hospital every day, and the two developed an intimate relationship. After Warhol was discharged, Johnson moved in to help him recover and to care for his ailing mother.
Begivenhed · 3 June 1968 · New York City
The shooting at the Factory
The writer Valerie Solanas, author of the SCUM Manifesto, who had appeared in his film I, a Man, shot Warhol and the art critic Mario Amaya; Amaya was lightly injured, while Warhol was seriously wounded and spent nearly two months in hospital. Solanas turned herself in to the police a few hours later, saying that Warhol had too much control over her life.
Udstilling · 27. juni 1968 – 6. oktober 1968
4. documenta
Udgivelse · autumn 1969 · New York City
Founding Interview magazine
Together with the British journalist John Wilcock, Warhol founded Interview magazine, at first published as inter/VIEW: A Monthly Film Journal. It was revamped a few years later and came to reflect Warhol's social life and fascination with celebrity.
Udgivelse · May 1969
Polaroid as a convalescence diary
Warhol used a Polaroid camera to document his recovery after the shooting; a few of the photographs appeared in Esquire in May 1969. He later became well known for always carrying his Polaroid, and when he resumed painting in the 1970s he made instant photographs the basis of his silkscreen portraits.
Værk · 1972–1973 · New York City
Creates the “Mao” series
Warhol made the Mao series in 1972–73; in November 1972 its silkscreens debuted at the Leo Castelli Gallery in New York.
Værk · New York City
Creates the “Athletes” series
Commissioned by the collector Richard Weisman, Warhol made Athletes, ten portraits of the leading athletes of the day; the exhibition opened at New York's Coe Kerr Gallery in December 1977.
Begivenhed · April 1977 · New York City
A regular at Studio 54
Studio 54 opened in April 1977 and Warhol became a regular, often seen there with Halston, Bianca Jagger and Liza Minnelli. Jed Johnson, who disliked that scene, said that things changed with Andy when it opened and that he was wasting his time.
Udstilling · c. 1979 · New York City
“Portraits of the 70s” at the Whitney
The Whitney Museum mounted Andy Warhol: Portraits of the 70s, the decade's commissioned portraits, among them Yves Saint Laurent, Gianni Agnelli, David Hockney, Roy Lichtenstein and Mick Jagger. Reviews were mixed: the New York Times critic Hilton Kramer wrote that Warhol's art belonged less to the history of painting than to the history of publicity.
Udstilling · 19. juni 1982 – 28. september 1982
documenta 7
Møde · by 1984 · New York City
Allying with younger artists: Basquiat, Haring
By 1984 Warhol had allied himself with prolific younger artists who dominated New York's “bull market” of the 1980s — Julian Schnabel, David Salle and other Neo-Expressionists, and the Transavantgarde artists Francesco Clemente and Enzo Cucchi. He also supported downtown artists such as Jean-Michel Basquiat, Keith Haring, Kenny Scharf and Stefano Castronovo.
Udstilling · September 1985 · New York City
The show with Basquiat and “Reigning Queens”
In September 1985 the joint Warhol–Basquiat exhibition Paintings opened at the Tony Shafrazi Gallery to negative reviews. That same month, despite his apprehension, his silkscreen series Reigning Queens was shown at the Leo Castelli Gallery.
Begivenhed · 17 February 1987 · New York City
Fashion show with Miles Davis
On 17 February 1987 Warhol modelled alongside the jazz musician Miles Davis in Koshin Satoh's fashion show at the Tunnel in New York.
Helbred · 20 – 21 February 1987 · New York City
Gallbladder surgery on the eve of his death
By February 1987 Warhol, dehydrated and unable to eat, was in excruciating pain; he was admitted to a New York hospital on 20 February and operated on on the 21st — the surgeon found his gallbladder “on the verge of perforating”. He died early on 22 February of sudden cardiac arrhythmia.
Død · 22. februar 1987
New York City
Begravelse
St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery
![Untitled ([Early Work] Woman), Andy Warhol, (c. 1946)](https://www.moma.org/media/W1siZiIsIjI2ODkwOSJdLFsicCIsImNvbnZlcnQiLCItcmVzaXplIDEwMjR4MTAyNFx1MDAzZSJdXQ.jpg?sha=5691c6384b78ef19)
![Untitled ([Early Work] Woman), Andy Warhol, (c. 1946)](https://www.moma.org/media/W1siZiIsIjI2ODkwOCJdLFsicCIsImNvbnZlcnQiLCItcmVzaXplIDEwMjR4MTAyNFx1MDAzZSJdXQ.jpg?sha=d74babcbff5d3733)
