Jean-Léon Gérôme法国, 1824–1904完成了
Jerusalem
About the painting
《完成了》（法語：Consumatum Est）又名耶路撒冷（Jérusalem）或各各他（Golgotha），是法国艺术家让-莱昂·热罗姆的一幅油画，创作于1867年。前景描绘了在各各他，三个被钉在十字架上的人：耶稣和两个强盗。画面后面是群众离开现场。背景是耶路撒冷城市，和多云的天空。
画作的标题来自于十架七言，耶稣在十字架上所讲的最后一句话。
热罗姆的特点是不去描绘暴力事件本身，而是描绘这种暴力的后果；参见《凯撒之死》、 《处决内伊元帅》和《化装舞会后的决斗》。
这幅画标志着热罗姆在经历了一段时间的探索东方主义之后，回到了历史画。像那个时代的许多基督教艺术一样，这种描绘受到了欧内斯特·勒南的《耶稣的一生》的影响。
这幅画于1868年在巴黎沙龙展出。自1990年以来藏于巴黎的奥赛博物馆。
作品信息
- 馆藏编号
- RF 1990 7
已收入目录
出处
- Wikidata · 6天前获取
- 图片： 奥赛博物馆 — Jean-Léon Gérôme · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
与此同时，在Jean-Léon Gérôme的生活中
完整生平1864–1904
The studio everyone wanted to join
Places in Gérôme’s atelier were limited and keenly sought: only the best students were admitted. Students progressed from drawing after antique works and casts to drawing from the live model and only then were allowed to paint in oils; he attended every Wednesday and Saturday and was known as a severe critic, but helped his students outside the school too, inviting them to his own studio and recommending them to the Salon.
1865
Elected to the Institut de France at the fifth attempt
Gérôme was elected to the Institut de France on his fifth attempt; in these years his influence became extensive and he was a regular guest of Empress Eugénie at the court in Compiègne.
1865
An official painting of the Siamese embassy
The Siamese ambassadors were presented to Napoleon III in the summer of 1861, and Gérôme received a commission for an official canvas for Versailles. Once at work he found he had to depict some 80 real people, which came hard because of his dislike of portraiture; the picture was shown at the Salon of 1865.
1867
The World’s Fair: twelve canvases and “The Death of Caesar”
At the 1867 World’s Fair Gérôme showed twelve canvases in the French pavilion; “The Death of Caesar” stood out, once again drawing immoderate praise from Gautier. That same year he was promoted to officer of the Legion of Honour.
1868
“The Execution of Marshal Ney”: asked to withdraw the picture
“The Execution of Marshal Ney” at the Salon of 1868 prompted Ney’s descendants to ask Gérôme to withdraw it, but he refused. Opinion was sharply split, and this Salon marked the beginning of a lasting divide between Gérôme and many French critics, who accused him of relying on literary devices, of commercialising art and of bringing politics into it.
1 January 1868
Leaves for the Near East with eight friends
On 1 January 1868 Gérôme left his students in the care of Gustave Boulanger and set off for the Near East with eight fellow artists and writers. In Cairo he was received by the Khedive Ismail Pasha, then visited Giza and the Faiyum oasis.
