Caryatid

1912

Sculpted heads at the Salon d’Automne

In 1912 Modigliani shows seven sculpted heads at the Salon d’Automne, and some of them are even bought. There he meets the sculptors Jacob Epstein and Jacques Lipchitz.

by 1914

Gives up sculpture for painting

By 1914 Modigliani abandons sculpting and focuses solely on painting, a move precipitated by the difficulty of acquiring sculptural materials once the war breaks out, and by his physical debilitation.

1914

Paul Guillaume replaces Paul Alexandre

Paul Alexandre, called up into the army, terminates his contract with the artist, and Modigliani’s new patron becomes the gallery owner and collector Paul Guillaume, who exhibits his work in his gallery.

from 1914

Drink, drugs and the advance of tuberculosis

From about 1914 Modigliani’s use of drink and drugs intensifies; after years of remission and recurrence the symptoms of his tuberculosis worsen, signalling that the disease has reached an advanced stage.

June 1914

Beatrice Hastings

Modigliani meets the talented and eccentric Englishwoman Beatrice Hastings, a poet and columnist for The New Age, who becomes his companion, muse and favourite model: he devotes 14 portraits to her. The relationship lasts about two years.

1916

Léopold Zborowski, friend and dealer

Modigliani befriends the Polish poet and art dealer Léopold Zborowski and his wife Anna; in the artist’s final years Zborowski is his primary dealer and friend. He lends Modigliani his apartment, supplies models and painting materials, and pays him between fifteen and twenty francs a day.