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Cambridge, Verenigde Staten
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In Greek and Roman cult and myth, Attis was the consort of the goddess Kybele (also spelled Cybele), the Graeco-Roman conception of the Anatolian mother goddess, whose cult gained traction in Greece in the 6th century BCE and arrived in Rome in the 3rd century BCE. The figure of Attis did not clearly exist in the original Anatolian version of the cult.
In Graeco-Roman mythological narratives and, specifically, in Latin poetry (e.g., Ovid, Metamorphoses 10.99-105 and Fasti 4.221-224; Catullus 63), Attis was a lover of Kybele: unfaithful to her, she drove him mad, and he consequently castrated himself; he then died, and Kybele resurrected him as her consort. This story formed the legendary basis for the priesthood of the cult of Kybele: the priests, the galli, were eunuchs and dressed in the “Phrygian” outfit of Attis. Textual sources record negative Roman attitudes toward these priests, which crystallize around their deviations from normative Roman notions of masculinity.
Harvard Art Museums