Henry Moore잉글랜드, 1898–1986Miners
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〈Miners〉는 지금 어디에 있나요? 소장처: 시카고 미술관, 시카고. 현재 전시하지 않습니다. 확인일 2026년 11월 2일.
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English sculptor Henry Moore was already well respected in modern art circles when, in 1940, art historian Kenneth Clark asked him to become an Official War Artist to document Britain’s efforts in World War II. At first Moore refused; however, soon after he himself had to hide in an underground subway tunnel during a German bombing raid, he accepted Clark’s offer. Moore’s first government assignment was to capture graphically the fear, pain, and anguish he witnessed in the tunnels, resulting in a powerful series of bomb-shelter drawings.
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By the end of summer 1941, Moore’s interest in producing shelter drawings had waned, and his friend Herbert Read, a philosopher and writer, suggested he depict coal miners who, because their work was crucial to the war effort, were called “Britain’s Underground Army.” The son of a miner, Moore felt an immediate connection to this new subject, and he returned to his hometown, Castleford, to begin the series. Years later he described the brutality of mining conditions: “If one were to describe what Hell might be like, this would do.” After completing one sketchbook in the mine, Moore returned to his studio, where he filled two additional notebooks with images of miners; the Art Institute’s drawings were removed from one such book.
Moore’s concentration on miners allowed him to focus on two themes he had not yet explored : men and the figure in motion. Previously, he had depicted principally women and children and the figure at rest. This shift is illustrated in this sketch; constricted to narrow, low tunnels, ranged one above the other, miners walk, bend, and use picks and shovels. Though his figures are not static, Moore acknowledged that their actions were so constrained by the space so that they could use only the top half of their bodies: “the lower part is stuck [to the floor of the mine] as it were to the pedestal.”
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Henry Moore의 생애 속 이 작품
생애 전체 보기1929–1940
A studio in Hampstead, “a nest of gentle artists”
Soon after the wedding the couple moved to a studio at 11a Parkhill Road in Hampstead, joining a colony of avant-garde artists: Hepworth and her husband Ben Nicholson lived around the corner, along with Naum Gabo, Roland Penrose, Cecil Stephenson and the critic Herbert Read, who called the area “a nest of gentle artists”.
1940–1986
A bomb in Hampstead: the move to Hoglands
In September 1940 bomb shrapnel hit the Moores’ Hampstead home and they left London for Hoglands, a farmhouse in the hamlet of Perry Green near Much Hadham in Hertfordshire. It remained Moore’s home and workshop for the rest of his life; though he grew wealthy he never felt the need to move to larger premises.
1941
The miners of Wheldale
In August 1941 the War Artists’ Advisory Committee commissioned Moore to draw miners working underground at the Wheldale Colliery in Yorkshire, where his father had worked. He drew the shelterers passively awaiting the all-clear, while the miners aggressively worked the coal-faces.
1944
The death of Moore’s mother
Moore’s mother, Mary (née Baker), died in 1944; two years later his daughter was named after her.
