Market-Place in Normandy

1831

Salon debut: a landscape of the Auvergne

The nineteen-year-old Rousseau submitted work to the Paris Salon, and his landscape of the wild Auvergne won recognition for its lively brushwork. At the Salons of 1831, 1833, 1834 and 1835 he showed six works.

1831

Takes up aquatint

On Célestin Nanteuil's advice, in 1831 Rousseau studied the technique of aquatint. Besides painting he made original prints, including glass plates for photographic printing.

1832–1833

First paints outdoors

In 1832–1833 Rousseau first went out to paint en plein air. His painting is associated with the notion of the “intimate landscape”, its motifs supplied above all by the forest of Fontainebleau.

1836

The Salon rejects “Landscape of the Jura”

In 1836 the Salon jury rejected Rousseau's great work “Landscape of the Jura” (“The Descent of the Cattle”), and of the eight works he sent to the Salon between 1836 and 1841 none was accepted. By other accounts, the four Salons after his 1831 debut had already gone badly.

winter 1836 – 1837

First winter at Barbizon

Rousseau spent the winter of 1836–1837 at Barbizon with the painters Narcisse Díaz de la Peña and Théodore Caruelle d'Aligny; the nature there impressed him so deeply that from then on he came back every year. In time a circle of painters who, like him, painted nature from life gathered around him — Cabat, Daubigny, Dupré — and so the Barbizon school gradually took shape.

1836–1849

“Le grand refusé”

After 1841 Rousseau stopped sending work to the Salon until 1849; dubbed “le grand refusé”, he became known through the writings of his friend, the critic Théophile Thoré, while his father, who had at first regretted his son's forsaking business, sided with him in all his conflicts with the Salon. In these years of “artistic exile” Rousseau painted some of his best pictures: “The Chestnut Avenue”, “The Marsh in the Landes” (now in the Louvre) and “Hoar-Frost”.