L'Atelier de Saint-Clair

1881

Changes his surname from Delacroix to Cross

To avoid living in the shadow of the painter Eugène Delacroix, he shortens and Anglicizes his surname to “Henri Cross” — the French word croix means “cross”.

1881

First exhibition at the Salon des Artistes Français

In 1881 he shows work at the Salon des Artistes Français for the first time; in these years he painted portraits and still lifes in the dark colors of Realism.

1884

Co-founder of the Society of Independent Artists

He is among the founders of a society of artists displeased with the practices of the official Salon; its exhibitions were held without a jury and without prizes. There he meets and befriends the Neo-Impressionists Georges Seurat, Albert Dubois-Pillet and Charles Angrand.

1891

Moves to the south of France because of rheumatism

Having wintered in the south for years, he moves there for good in 1891 because of rheumatism. He lives first in Cabasson near Le Lavandou, then settles nearby in the small hamlet of Saint-Clair, where he stays for the rest of his life, leaving only for Italy and for the annual Indépendants exhibitions in Paris.

1891

Turns to Neo-Impressionism

In 1891 he begins painting in the Neo-Impressionist style and shows his first large piece in this technique at an Indépendants exhibition — a divisionist portrait of Madame Hector France, née Irma Clare.

c. 1895

Moves from Pointillism to a mosaic-like brushstroke

From about 1895 he gradually changes his technique: instead of tiny dots, broad blocky brushstrokes with small areas of bare canvas left between them. The surfaces resemble mosaics, and such paintings are seen as precursors of Fauvism and Cubism.