Untitled

1955–1956

Service in the U.S. Army

He serves in the U.S. Army in North Carolina.

1956

Moves to New York

He settles in New York City, where Hollis Frampton introduces him to the work of Constantin Brâncuși.

1958–1960

A shared studio with Frank Stella

In 1958 he becomes reacquainted with a former classmate from Phillips Academy, Frank Stella, and shares a studio with him until 1960. Brâncuși inspires his first wooden sculptures, but conversations with Stella about space and form lead him in a different direction; seeing the hunks of wood cut away from one of his sculptures, Stella remarks that this too is sculpture.

1960

Sketches for the “Elements”: the modular principle

He makes sketches for a series of sculptures called “Elements”, built from standard blocks of wood 12 × 12 × 36 inches in simple configurations, but lacks the money to buy the timber. The decision to use modular units in regular, repeated compositions will become the basis of his later work.

1960–1964

A conductor on the Pennsylvania Railroad

He works as a freight brakeman and train conductor in New Jersey for the Pennsylvania Railroad. The experience of blue-collar labour and the ordered nature of freight trains will shape his sculpture and persona: he often turns up in overalls and a blue work shirt, even at the most formal occasions.

1960–1964

Years of writing and concrete poetry

In these years he writes above all, and there is little notable sculpture by him between 1960 and 1965. His concrete poetry is later exhibited in the United States and Europe, and a comprehensive collection of it is held by the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam.