Figure Composition Study 34

1768

Meets the dramatist Richard Cumberland

Romney paints Cumberland’s portrait, and the dramatist helps to introduce him to influential patrons. He also becomes friends with the miniature painter Ozias Humphry.

1769

Exhibits the portrait of Sir George Warren and family

His large portrait of Sir George Warren and family, shown at the Free Society of Artists, is greatly admired and lays the foundations of his future popularity; 1769 proves a breakthrough year.

March 1772

Sets out for Italy with Ozias Humphry

Now secure enough financially, he sets out to study the great artists of the past, as he had always intended, travelling through Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Nice, Genoa, Livorno, Florence and Pisa.

1772

Studies Raphael’s frescoes in Rome with the Pope’s leave

He reaches Rome in June; a letter of introduction lets him meet Pope Clement XIV, who permits him to set up scaffolding in the Apostolic Palace to study Raphael’s frescoes. He spends eighteen months in Rome making studies and sketches of the great works on view.

c. 1775

Commissions from the Duke of Richmond and his circle

Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond, and his circle of friends offer Romney commissions, which turn the tide of the artist’s fortunes permanently in his favour.

1776–1777

Friendship with the writer William Hayley

In 1776–1777 Romney makes the acquaintance of William Hayley and strikes up a lasting friendship with the writer, painting portraits for him.