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  3. Проун
Проун, El Lissitzky, 1920-1921
El Lissitzky, portraitEl LissitzkyRussian, 1890–1941

Проун

1920-1921 · Drawing · 13 × 9.7 cm

May one see it?

Unknown

Tretyakov Gallery

Moscow, Russia

The owner is known; whether it is on view today is not.

In this state since
Sep 28, 2026
Source
The museum
On the mapMuseum page

About the work

In the museum's own words — in Russian

Получив от Казимира Малевича задание разработать объемную концепцию супрематизма, в конце 1919 года Эль Лисицкий изобрел новую художественную систему, которая, по его замыслу, могла бы стать основой архитектуры будущего; в ней законы конструктивного построения объемной формы соединялись с идеей геометрической плоскости. Супрематизм как таковой послужил Лисицкому лишь отправной точкой в создании собственного направления. В конце лета 1920 года Лисицкому стало очевидно, что оно может претендовать на признание в качестве автономного феномена и нуждается в названии; таковым названием стало слово «проун» ‒ «Проект утверждения нового». О проунах Эль Лисицкий писал: «Я назвал их “проун”, чтобы не искали в них картины. Я считал эти работы пересадочной станцией из живописи в архитектуру. Каждая работа представляла проблему технической статики или динамики, выраженную средствами живописи».

Read on

Понятие проекта наделяло проуны значением основы будущего миростроительства: «Проун начинает свои установки на поверхности, переходит к пространственным модельным сооружениям, и идет дальше к построению всех форм жизни. через проуны мы выйдем к сооружению единого мирового города жизни людей земного шара».

Сами проуны уже некоторое время явственно демонстрировали измену супрематизму: Лисицкий разрабатывал принципиально новую пластическую концепцию взаимоотношений объекта с пространством. Композиции проунов моделировали универсальный принцип «взятия формой пространства» – установления порядка, организованности и динамического напряжения взамен хаоса и пустоты космоса.

Публикуемый «Проун» еще опирается на супрематизм Малевича, используя формы и пластические мотивы супрематизма (в частности, овал, перечеркнутый крестом), но трактует плоскость как поверхность, лишая ее функции геометрической фигуры. Вертикальные построения – «колонны» на черной плоскости – вводят в композицию элемент архитектурно-пространственного решения.

Tretyakov Gallery

Particulars

1920-1921
18901941
Accession number
АРХ ГР-3548

In the catalog

Drawings & watercolorsGraphiteModernism20th century

Sources

  • Tretyakov Gallery
  • Image: Tretyakov Gallery — © State Tretyakov Gallery

Meanwhile, in the life of El Lissitzky

The whole life
  1. 1918

    Founding the art section of the Kultur-Lige

    In 1918 in Kiev Lissitzky, together with Joseph Chaikov, Issachar Ber Ryback, Mark Epstein and others, founds the art section of the Kultur-Lige, an avant-garde artistic and literary association whose aim was to create a new Jewish national art.

  2. May 1919

    Chagall's invitation and the move to Vitebsk

    In May 1919, at Marc Chagall's invitation, Lissitzky returns to Vitebsk to teach graphic arts, printing and architecture at the newly formed People's Art School, which Chagall created after being appointed Commissioner of Artistic Affairs for Vitebsk. Lissitzky designs and prints propaganda posters and illustrations for a local newspaper; he later never mentioned them, probably because he portrayed Leon Trotsky and other early revolutionaries who later became enemies of the Soviet state.

  3. October 1919

    Persuading Malevich to move to Vitebsk

    In October 1919, on an errand in Moscow, Lissitzky persuades Kazimir Malevich to relocate to Vitebsk. Malevich brings a wealth of new ideas, which inspire Lissitzky but clash with the local public and professionals who favoured figurative art, and with Chagall himself.

  4. 1919–1920

    Choosing Malevich and breaking with Chagall

    Malevich replaces the school's classical teaching programme with his own and spreads suprematist theory school-wide; Lissitzky, still loyal to Chagall, is torn between two opposing paths but ultimately favours suprematism and breaks away from traditional Jewish art, and Chagall leaves the school shortly afterwards — he later recalled that his most zealous disciple, the moment he was appointed professor, went over to his opponents' camp. Lissitzky designs Malevich's book “On the New System in Art”, printed in 1,000 copies — an enormous number for an art book.

  5. 17 January – February 1920

    Malevich and Lissitzky found Molposnovis, which becomes UNOVIS

    On 17 January 1920 Malevich and Lissitzky co-found the short-lived group Molposnovis (“Young Followers of a New Art”); after a brief and stormy dispute and two rounds of renaming, it re-emerges in February as UNOVIS, the “Exponents of the New Art”. The group, disbanded in 1922, was pivotal in spreading suprematist ideology and launched Lissitzky's status as a leading figure of the avant-garde; its members signed works with a black square, while Lissitzky used a red one.

  6. 1921

    Leaving for Germany as a “cultural emissary”

    In 1921, as UNOVIS declines and suprematism begins to fracture into a utopian, spiritual half and a utilitarian one, Lissitzky aligns with neither and leaves Vitebsk: he takes a job as a “cultural emissary” of Soviet Russia and moves to Weimar Berlin to establish contacts between Russian and German artists — what exactly he did in this role remains unclear. In 1921–1925 he lives in Germany and Switzerland.

More by El Lissitzky

All works
An Old Man, His Head Two Paces Behind (Alter) from Figurines: The Three-Dimensional Design of the Electro-Mechanical Show Victory over the Sun (Figurinen, die plastische Gestaltung der elektro-mechanischen Schau Sieg über die Sonne), El Lissitzky, 1920–21, published 1923

An Old Man, His Head Two Paces Behind (Alter) from Figurines: The Three-Dimensional Design of the Electro-Mechanical Show Victory over the Sun (Figurinen, die plastische Gestaltung der elektro-mechanischen Schau Sieg über die Sonne)

1920–21, published 1923 · The Museum of Modern Art

Proun 12E, El Lissitzky, 1923

Proun 12E

1923 · Harvard Art Museums

Solntse na izlete. Vtoraia kniga stikhov, 1913-1916 (The Spent Sun: Second Book of Poems, 1913-1916), El Lissitzky, 1916

Solntse na izlete. Vtoraia kniga stikhov, 1913-1916 (The Spent Sun: Second Book of Poems, 1913-1916)

1916 · Not on view · The Museum of Modern Art

U rek vavilonskikh. Natsional'no-evreiskaia lirika v mirovoi poezii (By the Rivers of Babylon: Jewish Lyrics in World Poetry), El Lissitzky, 1917

U rek vavilonskikh. Natsional'no-evreiskaia lirika v mirovoi poezii (By the Rivers of Babylon: Jewish Lyrics in World Poetry)

1917 · Not on view · The Museum of Modern Art

Sikhes kholin. Prager legende (Small Talk: The Legend of Prague), second edition, El Lissitzky, 1917

Sikhes kholin. Prager legende (Small Talk: The Legend of Prague), second edition

1917 · Not on view · The Museum of Modern Art

Di hun vos hot gevolt hoben a kam (The Hen that Wanted a Comb), El Lissitzky, 1919

Di hun vos hot gevolt hoben a kam (The Hen that Wanted a Comb)

1919 · Not on view · The Museum of Modern Art

Yingl tsingl khvat (The Mischievous Boy), El Lissitzky, 1919

Yingl tsingl khvat (The Mischievous Boy)

1919 · Not on view · The Museum of Modern Art

Der milner, di milnerin, un di milshtayner (The Miller, His Wife, and Their Millstones), El Lissitzky, 1919

Der milner, di milnerin, un di milshtayner (The Miller, His Wife, and Their Millstones)

1919 · Not on view · The Museum of Modern Art

From the collection of Tretyakov Gallery

Museum page
Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan on November 16, 1581, Ilya Repin, 1883

Ilya Repin

Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan on November 16, 1581, 1883

Movement I, 1935

Movement I, 1935

Moscow, Zubovskaya Square, Study, 1916

Moscow, Zubovskaya Square, Study, 1916

Moscow I, 1916

Moscow I, 1916

Composition VII, 1913

Composition VII, 1913

The Lake, Vasily Kandinsky, 1910

Vasily Kandinsky

The Lake, 1910

Lake, 1910

Lake, 1910

Moscow Environs, 1908

Moscow Environs, 1908