
Jacques JordaensFlandern, 1593–1678Darf man es sehen?
Sankt Petersburg, Russland
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The King Drinks or The Bean King is an oil on canvas painting by the Flemish Baroque artist Jacob Jordaens, from c. 1638. It is held in the Hermitage Museum, in Saint Petersburg.
Творчество выдающегося фламандского живописца Якоба Йорданса связано с реалистическими традициями национальной художественной школы. Блестящий знаток народных обычаев и фольклора, Йорданс запечатлел в картине "Бобовый король" праздник "трех волхвов" или "трех королей", который ежегодно отмечался во Фландрии 6 января. По старой нидерландской традиции в этот день к столу подавали пирог, в который запекался боб. Тот, кто находил его в своем куске пирога, провозглашался "бобовым королем". Боб символизировал путеводную звезду, которая привела волхвов в Вифлеем, чтобы поклониться младенцу Христу. По правилам праздника "бобовый король" выбирал себе "королеву" и назначал "свиту". Участники застолья обязаны были беспрекословно подчиняться "королевской чете", а когда "бобовый король" поднимал очередной бокал вина - громко восклицать хором: "Король пьет!".
Изображая кульминацию праздника, Йорданс великолепно передал атмосферу стихийной раскованности чувств своих героев, наделил каждого из них выразительной мимикой и жестикуляцией. Бытовая сцена приобрела монументальный характер и мощный жизнеутверждающий пафос. Динамика композиции, подчеркнутая объемность форм, теплый золотисто-коричневый колорит и широкая живописная манера характеризуют Йорданса как последователя Рубенса и одного из ведущих мастеров фламандского барокко.
Eremitage
1621–1667
His workshop: fifteen pupils in the guild records
Between 1621 and 1667 the guild registered fifteen pupils with Jordaens (the best known being Jan Boeckhorst), and six more are named in court documents; his son Jacob and his cousin Arnoldus also trained with him. His fame drew foreigners: after 1642 the Polish painter Aleksander Jan Tricius became his pupil, and in 1645 Queen Christina of Sweden meant to send her protégé Georg Waldau, but the threat of war in Flanders prevented it.
c. 1635 – 1645
Publishes prints after his own designs
Like Rubens and van Dyck, Jordaens realised that prints spread an artist's fame and on his own initiative issued 14 engravings under privilege (cum privilegio), cut by Marinus Robyn van der Goes, Schelte a Bolswert, Paulus Pontius and other Antwerp engravers. Beneath each image stood his name as inventor and a short explanation in Latin verse.
1637–1638
Paintings for Philip IV's hunting lodge
In 1636 Rubens received a commission for a mythological series after Ovid's Metamorphoses for the Torre de la Parada near Madrid and enlisted Antwerp painters. Jordaens painted “Apollo and Pan” (1637, after a sketch by Rubens) and “Vertumnus and Pomona” (1638).
1639
Buys “De Halle van Lier” and rebuilds his home
Jordaens bought the large house “De Halle van Lier” (“Turnhoutsche Halle”) at Hoogstraat 43, opposite his home, and turned the three houses into one large complex: he designed the façades of the inner courtyard in the manner of Rubens's house and decorated the rooms with sculpture, carpets and fine furniture. He lived and worked there until his death.
1639–1640
Charles I's commission: “The Story of Cupid and Psyche”
Through the English king's agent in Brussels, Balthazar Gerbier, and the diplomat Cesare Alessandro Scaglia, Jordaens received a commission for 22 paintings for the Queen's House at Greenwich without knowing the patron or the destination; when Rubens, Gerbier's preferred choice, died on 30 May 1640, the whole commission passed to Jordaens. But Scaglia died in May 1641, only eight paintings reached the English court, and a dispute with his heirs over payment for seven of them dragged on into the next generation.
1640–1641
After Rubens's death, Antwerp's leading painter
With the deaths of Rubens in 1640 and van Dyck in 1641, Jordaens became the leading painter of Antwerp, and commissions came increasingly from abroad; Rubens's heirs asked him to finish “Perseus and Andromeda” for Philip IV. He never became a court painter: he worked mainly for wealthy townspeople and the clergy.