Mark RothkoUSA, 1903–1970Untitled (Related to “Antigone”).
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Imens i livet hos Mark Rothko
Hele livet21 February 1938
Becomes a US citizen
On 21 February 1938 Rothko received American citizenship, relieved: he had feared that the growing influence of the Nazis in Europe might lead to the sudden deportation of Jews without citizenship.
1940
Shortens his name to Mark Rothko
Concerned about rising antisemitism in Europe and America, Rothko shortened “Markus Rothkowitz” to “Mark Rothko” in 1940; “Roth” still sounded identifiably Jewish, so he settled on “Rothko”. All his works have been signed with that name since.
1942
The Rothko–Gottlieb manifesto after the Macy’s show
New paintings were shown at a 1942 exhibition at Macy’s department store; answering a negative review in The New York Times, Rothko and Gottlieb issued a manifesto written mainly by Rothko, declaring themselves for the simple expression of the complex thought, for the large shape and for flat forms that destroy illusion and reveal truth.
1943
Berkeley: friendship with Clyfford Still
Hoping a change of scenery would help, Rothko returned to Portland and then travelled to Berkeley, where he met Clyfford Still and the two became close friends; Still’s deeply abstract paintings are thought to have influenced Rothko’s later work.
13 June 1943
Separation from Edith Sachar and depression
On 13 June 1943 Rothko and Edith Sachar separated again, and the divorce (1944) left him depressed for a long time.
1944–1945
Mell Beistle: meeting and marriage
Rothko met the book illustrator Mary Alice “Mell” Beistle in 1944 and married her in early 1945.
![Ginevra de' Benci [obverse], Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1474/1478](https://api.nga.gov/iiif/8f29e3c9-a289-4d53-abf0-31a66e9e98fa/full/!2400,2400/0/default.jpg)
![Wreath of Laurel, Palm, and Juniper with a Scroll inscribed Virtutem Forma Decorat [reverse], Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1474/1478](https://api.nga.gov/iiif/ff62e8d0-45c4-498f-ad36-6358de827e04/full/!2400,2400/0/default.jpg)
