
John Everett MillaisStorbritannien, 1829–1896Må man se det?
London, Storbritannien
Ejeren er kendt. Om det er udstillet i dag, siger museet ikke, og at gætte har vi ikke lært.
For alternative betydninger, se Ophelia. (Se også artikler, som begynder med Ophelia)
Ophelia er et oliemaleri af John Everett Millais fra 1852.
John Everett Millais var maler og illustrator og en af de engelske prærafaelitter. Han har malet Ophelia (1852), som hænger på Tate Britain i London. Motivet er hentet fra Shakespeares tragedie Hamlet (4. akt), hvor Ofelias død beskrives af Hamlets mor Gertrude, som fortæller, at Ofelia druknede i et vandløb – syngende og grebet af vanvid.
Ofelias poetiske vanvid har vakt mange kunstneres interesse. Den sarte kvindelige skønhed i det mørke vand er et morbidt scenarie og et eksempel på victoriatidens fascination af en smuk kvindes død. Forfatteren Edgar Allan Poe skrev, at det mest poetiske tema er en smuk kvindes død: The death of a beautiful woman, is unquestionably the most poetical topic in the world. Modellen til Millais´ Ophelia er kunstneren Elisabeth Siddal, som var indbegrebet af det prærafaelittiske skrøbelige kvindeideal: resigneret seksualitet.
Bemærk det tætte indkapslede løvhang med den minutiøse botaniske korrekthed.
Millais og de andre prærafaelitter brugte flittigt blomsterne og naturens metaforik i deres værker, og i maleriet Ophelia flyder Ofelia under grædepile og er omgivet af violer, der symboliserer troskab og den røde valmue, der symboliserer søvn og død.(Shakespeare nævner ikke valmuen). Ofelia er fåmælt, men hun blomstrer bogstavelig talt sprogligt i sit vanvid. I 4. akt scene V taler hun mere end i resten af stykket:
"There´s rosemary, that´s for remembrance; pray, love, remember: and there is pansies, that´s for thoughts. There´s fennel for you, and columbines: – there´s rue for you and here´s some for me: – we may call it herb-grace o´ sundays: – O, you must wear your rue with a difference. – There´s a daisy: I would give you some violets, but they withered all when my father died: – they say, he made a good end." Der er ikke noget at sige til, at præ-rafaeliterne sværmede for Ofelia. Hendes sørgelige skæbne og poetiske optagethed af botanik var et passende motiv for dem.
Maleriet har en kvalitet og foruroligende effekt, som gør, at det næppe bliver opfattet som kitsch.
1850
The scandal over “Christ in the House of His Parents”
Christ in the House of His Parents (1850) was judged excessively realistic, showing a working-class Holy Family in a messy carpentry workshop, and The Times called it outrageous. Millais was undaunted: the critic John Ruskin saw his outstanding talent at once and backed him, and his works were always accepted for the Academy’s exhibitions, however radical.
1851–1852
Elizabeth Siddal sits for “Ophelia”
For Ophelia (1851–52), his best-known painting, Millais portrayed Rossetti’s beloved Elizabeth Siddal as the heroine. The dense, elaborate pictorial surface, weaving the figure into the natural world, has been described as a kind of “pictorial eco-system”.
1853
Elected an associate member of the Royal Academy
In 1853 Millais was elected an associate member of the Royal Academy of Arts.
summer 1853
A summer at Glenfinlas: falling in love with Effie Ruskin
In the summer of 1853 John Ruskin and his wife Effie invited Millais to spend the summer with them at Glenfinlas, where Millais and Effie fell in love. Effie modelled for his The Order of Release; her marriage to Ruskin, which had lasted several years, was annulled after her parents realised something was wrong and she filed for annulment, and Millais and Effie then married.