Machine

c. 1911

The Puteaux Group: friendship with Apollinaire

Around 1911 Picabia joined the Puteaux Group, whose members he had met at Jacques Villon's studio; there he became friends with Marcel Duchamp and close friends with Guillaume Apollinaire, while the group also included Gleizes, La Fresnaye, Léger and Metzinger.

1913

The only Cubist at the Armory Show

The wealthy Picabia was the only Cubist to attend the Armory Show in New York in person, where he showed four paintings; the press was largely hostile, but he was widely interviewed and at once became a major name in New York's art circles.

17 March – 5 April 1913

Solo show at Stieglitz's gallery 291

Alfred Stieglitz gave him the solo show Exhibition of New York Studies by Francis Picabia at his gallery 291 — abstract works made over a few months in New York under the impression of Kandinsky and other abstract art at the Armory Show.

1915

The start of his “machinist” period

From 1915 Picabia made and exhibited drawings and prints of mysterious machines and apparatuses — “mechanical portraits” inspired by Duchamp's “machine style”; the magazine 291 devoted an entire issue to him, and he met Man Ray.

June 1915

En route to Cuba, he stays on in New York

In wartime Picabia set out for Cuba to buy molasses for a friend who ran a sugar refinery, but after landing in New York in June 1915 he stayed on to work and did not return to France until the war was over. In these years drugs and alcohol undermined his health: he suffered from dropsy and tachycardia.

1915–1917

Leading New York Dada with Duchamp

Throughout his three years in New York Picabia mixed closely with avant-garde artists and, together with Marcel Duchamp, headed the New York section of the Dada movement.