Landschaft in Südfrankreich

1912

Back to real life: the break with abstraction

Abstraction remains an exception in Macke’s work: the metaphysical speculations that preoccupy the members of the group are alien to him, he is really interested in real life, and in 1912 he returns to the painting more natural to him. In his compositions he uses construction principles borrowed from the Cubists and the Blue Rider artists and is influenced by the Fauves and Delaunay’s Orphism, but always remains an independent master.

1912

Paris: Robert Delaunay and Orphism

In 1912 in Paris Macke meets Robert Delaunay, and the meeting is a kind of revelation for him: Delaunay’s chromatic Cubism, which Apollinaire called Orphism and which builds painting on the juxtaposition of contrasting colours, influences Macke’s art from then on. His “Shop Windows” can be considered a personal interpretation of Delaunay’s “Windows”, combined with the simultaneity of images found in Italian Futurism.

April 1914

Tunisia with Klee and Moilliet: landmark watercolours

In April 1914 Macke makes a two-week trip to Tunisia with Paul Klee and Klee’s school friend, the painter Louis Moilliet, and brings back a large number of landmark watercolours. The exotic atmosphere of Tunisia becomes fundamental to the luminist approach of his final period; the sketches and photographs will serve as material for “Tunisian Landscape”, “Landscape with Cows and a Camel” and other works, but Macke will not manage to use them fully.

8 August 1914

Mobilisation: to the front as a reservist

Almost immediately after the outbreak of the First World War, on 8 August 1914, Macke, a reservist, is called up for the front. Far, as Elisabeth wrote years later, from the “hurrah-patriotism” that seized many, he nevertheless considers it his duty to go; in his letters from the front he describes the horror and cruelty of the war.

26 September 1914

Killed in battle at twenty-seven

On the morning of 26 September 1914 Macke is killed in battle in Champagne at the age of 27; his remains are not found, and his name appears among those of other dead on a gravestone at the military cemetery at Souain (other accounts say he is buried in the German military cemetery at Souain-Perthes-lès-Hurlus). In one of his last letters he remarks that only the steadfastness of the defenders of the Western Front will spare Germany the devastation by war that the front-line regions of France have suffered.

26. september 1914

Died