Fan Qi painted Landscapes in 1646, a year after Nanjing submitted to the Qing; the album is in New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art. During the upheaval he took refuge in Qingliang Monastery, on a hill in the city's northwest. Solitary figures, or pairs absorbed in thought, inhabit several desolate scenes. These landscapes express a wish for withdrawal from the turmoil of dynastic change.
